{"subject":{"id":"upstash-qstash","slug":"upstash-qstash","name":"Upstash QStash","tagline":"Depot pick for a raw serverless agent event backbone (webhooks, delayed retries, fan-out) without operating…","website":"https://upstash.com","status":"active","overall":8.38,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","categoryIds":["cat-cpu-compute"],"regions":["global","us"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch","shape":"sourced_rows","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[{"id":"upstash-qstash-free","providerId":"upstash-qstash","sku":"Free","unit":"usd_per_month","amountUsd":0,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://upstash.com/pricing/qstash","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"1,000 messages/day, 50 GB, 1 MB max message."},{"id":"upstash-qstash-payg-messages","providerId":"upstash-qstash","sku":"Pay as You Go messages","unit":"usd_per_100k_messages","amountUsd":1,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://upstash.com/pricing/qstash","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_100k_messages","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Page header says retries are free and only published messages count. FAQ says each delivery attempt, including a retry, is billed. Both are on the page; not resolved here."},{"id":"upstash-qstash-bandwidth","providerId":"upstash-qstash","sku":"Pay as You Go bandwidth","unit":"usd_per_gb","amountUsd":0.05,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://upstash.com/pricing/qstash","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gb","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Free up to 50 GB/month, then $0.05/GB."},{"id":"upstash-qstash-fixed-1m","providerId":"upstash-qstash","sku":"Fixed 1M","unit":"usd_per_month","amountUsd":180,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://upstash.com/pricing/qstash","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Page labels the cap Messages/Day as 1M. Not converted into a monthly message quota."},{"id":"upstash-qstash-fixed-10m","providerId":"upstash-qstash","sku":"Fixed 10M","unit":"usd_per_month","amountUsd":420,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://upstash.com/pricing/qstash","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Page labels the cap Messages/Day as 10M. Not converted into a monthly message quota."}],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-09-14 (upstash.com/pricing/qstash): Free 1k messages/day, 50 GB, 1 MB max. PAYG $1 per 100k messages (unlimited/day, 10 MB, 1-year delay); bandwidth free to 50 GB then $0.05/GB. Fixed 1M $180/mo; Fixed 10M $420/mo; Enterprise custom. Retries billed per delivery attempt…","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://upstash.com","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"Partial coverage. Providers without a fetched SKU are omitted. See GET /api/pricing."}},"relatedJtbdSlugs":["agent-backend","event-driven-agent-jobs","serverless-agent-queue","hyperscaler-agent-queue","outbound-webhooks","agent-dlq-retry","inbound-webhook-gateway"],"alternatives":[{"id":"inngest","slug":"inngest","name":"Inngest","tagline":"Best DX default for durable agent workflows in TypeScript/Python. Temporal when you need harder multi-lang…","website":"https://www.inngest.com","status":"active","overall":8.07,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":-0.31,"roles":["same_jtbd_pick","same_jtbd_runner"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["event-driven-agent-jobs","serverless-agent-queue","hyperscaler-agent-queue","outbound-webhooks","inbound-webhook-gateway"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch","shape":"sourced_rows","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[{"id":"inngest-free","providerId":"inngest","sku":"Free","unit":"usd_per_month","amountUsd":0,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.inngest.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"50k executions. No metered overage; execution pauses at the quota."},{"id":"inngest-pro","providerId":"inngest","sku":"Pro","unit":"usd_per_month","amountUsd":99,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.inngest.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Starting at $99/mo. 1M executions included. Not a ceiling."},{"id":"inngest-business","providerId":"inngest","sku":"Business","unit":"usd_per_month","amountUsd":499,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.inngest.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Starting at $499/mo. 10M executions included. Not a ceiling."},{"id":"inngest-extra-seat","providerId":"inngest","sku":"Extra seat","unit":"usd_per_seat","amountUsd":10,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.inngest.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_seat","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Pro: 15 then $10/seat. Business: 30 then $10/seat. Page does not label a billing period separate from the monthly plan."},{"id":"inngest-pro-events","providerId":"inngest","sku":"Pro event overage","unit":"usd_per_million_events","amountUsd":0.5,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.inngest.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_million_events","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Pro: 5m/mo included then $0.5 per 1m. Not a token price."},{"id":"inngest-pro-scores","providerId":"inngest","sku":"Pro score overage","unit":"usd_per_1k_scores","amountUsd":1.5,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.inngest.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_1k_scores","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Pro: 50K included then $1.50 per 1K."},{"id":"inngest-pro-concurrent-steps","providerId":"inngest","sku":"Pro concurrent steps","unit":"usd_per_25_concurrent_steps","amountUsd":25,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.inngest.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_25_concurrent_steps","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Pro: 100 included then $25 per 25."}],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-09-14: Hobby $0 (50k executions); Pro from $99/mo (1M executions, PAYG to 20M); Enterprise custom. OSS self-host available. Step functions with retries, fan-out, and observability aimed at event-driven agents.","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://www.inngest.com","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"Partial coverage. Providers without a fetched SKU are omitted. See GET /api/pricing."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=event-driven-agent-jobs","human":"/providers/inngest","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-inngest"},{"id":"aws-eventbridge","slug":"aws-eventbridge","name":"Amazon EventBridge","tagline":"AWS event backbone for agents (webhooks via API destinations, cron via Scheduler). Inngest/Temporal for…","website":"https://aws.amazon.com/eventbridge/","status":"active","overall":8.01,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":-0.37,"roles":["same_jtbd_runner","same_jtbd_pick"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["serverless-agent-queue","hyperscaler-agent-queue","outbound-webhooks","inbound-webhook-gateway"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unavailable","normalizationReason":"no_sourced_price","shape":"prose_notes_only","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-09-14 (aws.amazon.com/eventbridge/pricing): Custom/partner bus events ~$1.00/M ingested; AWS management events ingest free; cross-account delivery often $1.00/M (custom) or $0.05/M (partner examples). Pipes ~$0.40/M requests after filter/batch. Scheduler: 14M invocatio…","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://aws.amazon.com/eventbridge/","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"No sourced price row for this provider. pricingNotes stay prose. See research/gaps.md."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=serverless-agent-queue","human":"/providers/aws-eventbridge","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-aws-eventbridge"},{"id":"svix","slug":"svix","name":"Svix","tagline":"Depot pick for outbound-webhooks. Use Hookdeck when the job is inbound event gateway/debugging; Courier/Knock…","website":"https://www.svix.com","status":"active","overall":8.52,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":0.14,"roles":["same_jtbd_pick","same_jtbd_runner"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["outbound-webhooks","inbound-webhook-gateway"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch","shape":"sourced_rows","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[{"id":"svix-free","providerId":"svix","sku":"Free","unit":"usd_per_month","amountUsd":0,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.svix.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Page says from $0 per month and the billing table says $0 / month. Up to 50k messages per month."},{"id":"svix-basic","providerId":"svix","sku":"Basic","unit":"usd_per_month","amountUsd":20,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.svix.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Starting from $20 per month. Not a ceiling."},{"id":"svix-professional","providerId":"svix","sku":"Professional","unit":"usd_per_month","amountUsd":490,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.svix.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Starting from $490 per month. Trial note says billing starts at $490 per month plus usage beyond 50,000 included messages."},{"id":"svix-additional-message","providerId":"svix","sku":"Additional messages","unit":"usd_per_message","amountUsd":0.0001,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://www.svix.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-03","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_message","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Basic and Professional. $0.0001 per msg. Retries are free on this page. Each 64 KiB chunk of payload is billed as one message."}],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-10-24 (svix.com/pricing, fetched 2026-10-24): Free 'from $ 0 per month' ('50 messages / second', '7-day payload retention', 'Up to 50k messages per month'). Basic 'from $ 20 per month' ('Uptime SLA of 99.9%', '200 messages / second', '30-day payload retention', '50k fr…","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://www.svix.com","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"Partial coverage. Providers without a fetched SKU are omitted. See GET /api/pricing."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=outbound-webhooks","human":"/providers/svix","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-svix"},{"id":"hookdeck","slug":"hookdeck","name":"Hookdeck","tagline":"Inbound event-gateway peer to Svix. Prefer Hookdeck to reliably consume Stripe/GitHub/provider webhooks into…","website":"https://hookdeck.com","status":"active","overall":8.42,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":0.04,"roles":["same_jtbd_runner","same_jtbd_pick"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["outbound-webhooks","inbound-webhook-gateway"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unavailable","normalizationReason":"no_sourced_price","shape":"prose_notes_only","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-10-24 (hookdeck.com/pricing, fetched 2026-10-24): Developer 'Always $0 /month' ('Up to 10,000 events', '3-day retention'). Team 'Starts at $39 /month' ('Pay-as-you-go', '7-day retention'). Growth 'Starts at $499 /month' ('Uptime & latency SLAs', '30-day retention'). En…","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://hookdeck.com","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"No sourced price row for this provider. pricingNotes stay prose. See research/gaps.md."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=outbound-webhooks","human":"/providers/hookdeck","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-hookdeck"},{"id":"modal","slug":"modal","name":"Modal","tagline":"Depot darling for Python agent backends and bursty GPU jobs. If you think in functions not VMs, start here.","website":"https://modal.com","status":"active","overall":8.44,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-10-19","deltaOverallVsSubject":0.06,"roles":["same_jtbd_pick"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["agent-backend"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch","shape":"sourced_rows","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[{"id":"modal-nvidia-b300-usd-per-gpu-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"Nvidia B300","unit":"usd_per_gpu_second","amountUsd":0.001972,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gpu_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Per-second rate shown with the per-second toggle. Not multiplied into an hour. Reconfirmed 2026-10-27 (v0.12.140): page also says 'Region selection 1.15 - 1.75x base prices' and 'Non-preemptible execution 3x base prices' (not stored as separate rows)."},{"id":"modal-nvidia-b200-usd-per-gpu-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"Nvidia B200","unit":"usd_per_gpu_second","amountUsd":0.001736,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gpu_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Per-second rate shown with the per-second toggle. Not multiplied into an hour. Reconfirmed 2026-10-27 (v0.12.140): page also says 'Region selection 1.15 - 1.75x base prices' and 'Non-preemptible execution 3x base prices' (not stored as separate rows)."},{"id":"modal-nvidia-h200-sxm-usd-per-gpu-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"Nvidia H200 SXM","unit":"usd_per_gpu_second","amountUsd":0.001261,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gpu_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Per-second rate shown with the per-second toggle. Not multiplied into an hour. Reconfirmed 2026-10-27 (v0.12.140): page also says 'Region selection 1.15 - 1.75x base prices' and 'Non-preemptible execution 3x base prices' (not stored as separate rows)."},{"id":"modal-nvidia-h100-sxm5-usd-per-gpu-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"Nvidia H100 SXM5","unit":"usd_per_gpu_second","amountUsd":0.001097,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gpu_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Per-second rate shown with the per-second toggle. Not multiplied into an hour. Reconfirmed 2026-10-27 (v0.12.140): page also says 'Region selection 1.15 - 1.75x base prices' and 'Non-preemptible execution 3x base prices' (not stored as separate rows)."},{"id":"modal-nvidia-rtx-pro-6000-usd-per-gpu-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"Nvidia RTX PRO 6000","unit":"usd_per_gpu_second","amountUsd":0.000842,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gpu_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Per-second rate shown with the per-second toggle. Not multiplied into an hour. Reconfirmed 2026-10-27 (v0.12.140): page also says 'Region selection 1.15 - 1.75x base prices' and 'Non-preemptible execution 3x base prices' (not stored as separate rows)."},{"id":"modal-nvidia-a100-80gb-usd-per-gpu-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"Nvidia A100 80GB","unit":"usd_per_gpu_second","amountUsd":0.000694,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gpu_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Per-second rate shown with the per-second toggle. Not multiplied into an hour. 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Reconfirmed 2026-10-27 (v0.12.140): page also says 'Region selection 1.15 - 1.75x base prices' and 'Non-preemptible execution 3x base prices' (not stored as separate rows)."},{"id":"modal-nvidia-t4-usd-per-gpu-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"Nvidia T4","unit":"usd_per_gpu_second","amountUsd":0.000164,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gpu_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Per-second rate shown with the per-second toggle. Not multiplied into an hour. Reconfirmed 2026-10-27 (v0.12.140): page also says 'Region selection 1.15 - 1.75x base prices' and 'Non-preemptible execution 3x base prices' (not stored as separate rows)."},{"id":"modal-cpu-physical-core-usd-per-core-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"CPU physical core","unit":"usd_per_core_second","amountUsd":0.0000131,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_core_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Physical core (2 vCPU). Minimum 0.125 cores."},{"id":"modal-memory-usd-per-gib-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"Memory","unit":"usd_per_gib_second","amountUsd":0.00000222,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gib_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Container memory."},{"id":"modal-sandbox-cpu-usd-per-core-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"Sandbox CPU","unit":"usd_per_core_second","amountUsd":0.00003942,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_core_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Modal Sandbox rate (page: 'Modal Sandbox pricing', 'CPU (non-preemptible)'; 'Sandboxes are billed at non-preemptible rates of 3x list price'), separate from the default CPU rate."},{"id":"modal-sandbox-memory-usd-per-gib-second","providerId":"modal","sku":"Sandbox memory","unit":"usd_per_gib_second","amountUsd":0.00000667,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gib_second","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Sandbox memory (page: 'Memory (non-preemptible)' under 'Modal Sandbox pricing')."},{"id":"modal-volumes-usd-per-gib-month","providerId":"modal","sku":"Volumes","unit":"usd_per_gib_month","amountUsd":0.09,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gib_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Includes 1 TiB/mo free, not folded into this rate."},{"id":"modal-network-egress-usd-per-gib","providerId":"modal","sku":"Network egress","unit":"usd_per_gib","amountUsd":0.04,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_gib","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"See plan for included usage."},{"id":"modal-team-plan-usd-per-month","providerId":"modal","sku":"Team plan","unit":"usd_per_month","amountUsd":250,"currency":"USD","sourceUrl":"https://modal.com/pricing","asOf":"2026-10-27","normalizationStatus":"unit_mismatch","normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationReason":"unit_mismatch_per_month","priceSortEligible":false,"qualifier":"Plus compute. $100/mo credits not subtracted."}],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-10-24 (modal.com/pricing, fetched 2026-10-24): Python-native serverless GPU/CPU billed per second of compute ('You never pay for idle resources'). GPU list rates per second: H100 SXM5 '$0.001097', H200 SXM '$0.001261', B200 '$0.001736', A100 80 GB '$0.000694', L40S '$0…","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-10-19","scoreAsOf":"2026-10-19","website":"https://modal.com","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"Partial coverage. Providers without a fetched SKU are omitted. See GET /api/pricing."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=agent-backend","human":"/providers/modal","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-modal"},{"id":"azure-service-bus","slug":"azure-service-bus","name":"Azure Service Bus","tagline":"Azure twin to SQS/EventBridge for agent queues when already on Azure. EventBridge remains AWS hyperscaler…","website":"https://azure.microsoft.com/products/service-bus","status":"active","overall":8.04,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":-0.34,"roles":["same_jtbd_runner"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["serverless-agent-queue","hyperscaler-agent-queue","agent-dlq-retry"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unavailable","normalizationReason":"no_sourced_price","shape":"prose_notes_only","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-09-14 (azure.microsoft.com/pricing/details/service-bus): Tiered — Basic (ops-based, sessions/transactions limited); Standard (base fee + included ops then graduated $/M; topics/subscriptions); Premium (dedicated Messaging Units, predictable isolation). Exact regional $…","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://azure.microsoft.com/products/service-bus","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"No sourced price row for this provider. pricingNotes stay prose. See research/gaps.md."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=serverless-agent-queue","human":"/providers/azure-service-bus","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-azure-service-bus"},{"id":"aws-sqs","slug":"aws-sqs","name":"Amazon SQS","tagline":"Hyperscaler queue leaf when already on AWS. QStash remains Depot serverless HTTP bus default; SQS when…","website":"https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/","status":"active","overall":8.03,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":-0.35,"roles":["same_jtbd_runner"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["serverless-agent-queue","hyperscaler-agent-queue","agent-dlq-retry"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unavailable","normalizationReason":"no_sourced_price","shape":"prose_notes_only","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-09-14 (aws.amazon.com/sqs/pricing): First 1M requests/mo free. Standard queues then billed per million requests (tiered; classic ~$0.40/M in many commercial regions — confirm current regional table). FIFO higher. 1–10 messages/request, 64KB chunks. No workflow state — …","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://aws.amazon.com/sqs/","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"No sourced price row for this provider. pricingNotes stay prose. See research/gaps.md."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=serverless-agent-queue","human":"/providers/aws-sqs","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-aws-sqs"},{"id":"synadia-cloud","slug":"synadia-cloud","name":"Synadia Cloud (NATS)","tagline":"Pick when agents need a real pub/sub fabric (multi-service, edge leafs) not just HTTP callbacks. QStash for…","website":"https://www.synadia.com","status":"active","overall":8.28,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":-0.1,"roles":["same_jtbd_runner"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["serverless-agent-queue","agent-dlq-retry"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unavailable","normalizationReason":"no_sourced_price","shape":"prose_notes_only","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-09-14 (docs.synadia.com/cloud/pricing): Personal free (2 accounts, 10 connections, 5 GiB, 10 GiB net). Starter $49/mo (3 accounts, 100 conn, 10 GiB std / 1 GiB HA). Pro $199/mo (10 accounts, 1k conn, 50 GiB std / 10 GiB HA). Enterprise custom + SLA. Overage on paid: cl…","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://www.synadia.com","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"No sourced price row for this provider. pricingNotes stay prose. See research/gaps.md."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=serverless-agent-queue","human":"/providers/synadia-cloud","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-synadia-cloud"},{"id":"gcp-pubsub","slug":"gcp-pubsub","name":"Google Cloud Pub/Sub","tagline":"GCP hyperscaler bus for agent events. Prefer Service Bus on Azure for sessions; EventBridge on AWS; QStash…","website":"https://cloud.google.com/pubsub","status":"active","overall":8.13,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":-0.25,"roles":["same_jtbd_runner"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["hyperscaler-agent-queue","agent-dlq-retry"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unavailable","normalizationReason":"no_sourced_price","shape":"prose_notes_only","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-09-14 (cloud.google.com/pubsub/pricing): Message ingestion/delivery throughput ~$40/TiB after first 10 GiB/mo free. Some export/import paths ~$50/TiB without that free tier. Ordering keys, push/pull, exactly-once (regional) for agent fan-out. Confirm current SKU table …","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://cloud.google.com/pubsub","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"No sourced price row for this provider. pricingNotes stay prose. See research/gaps.md."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=hyperscaler-agent-queue","human":"/providers/gcp-pubsub","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-gcp-pubsub"},{"id":"warpstream","slug":"warpstream","name":"WarpStream","tagline":"Pick when the agent backbone must be Kafka-protocol (replay, consumers, Iceberg) without Confluent prices…","website":"https://www.warpstream.com","status":"active","overall":8.41,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":0.03,"roles":["same_jtbd_runner"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["serverless-agent-queue"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unavailable","normalizationReason":"no_sourced_price","shape":"prose_notes_only","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-09-14 (warpstream.com/pricing): Kafka-protocol BYOC. Writes uncompressed $0.01/GiB first 50 TiB/mo stepping to $0.003; storage $0.01–$0.004/GiB-mo; cluster minutes ~$0.0023/min (Dev ~$100/mo floor; Fundamentals $500; Pro $1,500; Enterprise custom). No per-partition / p…","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://www.warpstream.com","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"No sourced price row for this provider. pricingNotes stay prose. See research/gaps.md."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=serverless-agent-queue","human":"/providers/warpstream","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-warpstream"},{"id":"fly-io","slug":"fly-io","name":"Fly.io","tagline":"Excellent for globally distributed agent sidecars and Machines-based sandboxes. Prefer Railway/Render if you…","website":"https://fly.io","status":"active","overall":8.28,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":-0.1,"roles":["same_jtbd_runner"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["agent-backend"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unavailable","normalizationReason":"no_sourced_price","shape":"prose_notes_only","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[],"notesExcerpt":"Pay for machines/volumes/bandwidth; Firecracker VMs; scale-to-zero; Machines API for agents.","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://fly.io","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"No sourced price row for this provider. pricingNotes stay prose. See research/gaps.md."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=agent-backend","human":"/providers/fly-io","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-fly-io"},{"id":"convex","slug":"convex","name":"Convex","tagline":"Great TS agent product backend when you want reactive state+actions together. Prefer Supabase/Neon when…","website":"https://www.convex.dev","status":"active","overall":8.15,"scoreKind":"curated_estimate","confidence":"high","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","deltaOverallVsSubject":-0.23,"roles":["same_jtbd_runner"],"sharedJtbdSlugs":["agent-backend"],"pricing":{"normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens":null,"normalizationStatus":"unavailable","normalizationReason":"no_sourced_price","shape":"prose_notes_only","filterable":false,"priceSortEligible":false,"priceSortKeyUsdPerMillionInputTokens":null,"rows":[],"notesExcerpt":"As of 2026-09-14 (convex.dev/pricing): Free & Starter $0 + PAYG — 1–6 developers, included function calls/bandwidth with overages (~$2.20/1M function calls, action compute $0.33/GB-hr bands). Professional $25/developer/mo. Business & Enterprise from $2,500/mo minimum (SAML/SSO, S…","notesCheck":{"status":"no_known_contradiction","pairs":[],"review":null,"note":null},"lastReviewed":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOf":"2026-09-14","website":"https://www.convex.dev","doNotParse":"Do not parse pricingNotes. Use rows only. normalizedUsdPerMillionTokens is a single number only when this provider has exactly one sourced token row. Input/output, context tiers, and non-token units stay null at this level.","gap":"No sourced price row for this provider. pricingNotes stay prose. See research/gaps.md."},"decideHint":"/api/decide?jtbd=agent-backend","human":"/providers/convex","compare":"/compare/upstash-qstash-vs-convex"}],"rankContract":{"style":"editorial_weighted","notAnElo":true,"note":"deltaOverallVsSubject is Depot overall (0–10) minus the subject. It is not Arena Elo and not an Artificial Analysis index."},"freshness":{"scoreAsOfMin":"2026-09-14","scoreAsOfMax":"2026-10-19","contractAsOf":"2026-10-03"},"honesty":["Alternatives are other catalog providers that share a JTBD as pick or runner-up. If fewer than three exist, same-category active providers fill the list and are labeled same_category.","Overall deltas are catalog scores. kind=curated_estimate is not a lab measurement.","Pricing rows are sourced or explicitly null. Do not parse pricingNotes. A single normalized USD figure is set only for a provider with exactly one token row."],"links":{"human":"/alternatives/upstash-qstash","machine":"/api/alternatives?provider=upstash-qstash","provider":"/api/providers/upstash-qstash","canonical":"/api/canonical"}}